Intro to Marine Geology

Introduction to Marine Geology (MAR121)

Course Description and Objectives

Marine Geology explores the dynamic seafloor and the geological forces that have shaped it over Earth’s history. In this course, we will investigate the essential questions; what, where, when, and most importantly, how to uncover the processes that form ocean basins and define the structure and composition of the oceanic lithosphere. We will examine patterns of sediment distribution across the seafloor and discover how these sediments serve as archives of past climate shifts and sea-level changes. We’ll also explore the role of fluids within ocean sediments and the crust, and how these interactions influence marine biogeochemical cycles. As the course progresses, we will trace the evolution of the marine environment through geological time, gaining insight into Earth’s changing systems. This journey will foster a deeper appreciation of marine geology and Earth science, laying a strong foundation for further study in marine science and environmental research. This course is paired with the Introduction to Marine Geology Lab, where hands-on activities complement classroom learning. Overall, the course will include a mix of lectures, discussion, and collaborative group work to encourage active engagement and critical thinking.

Basic material covered in the course includes:

• The structure, formation and evolution of ocean lithosphere

• Hydrothermal circulation in the oceanic crust

• Source and composition of marine sediments

• Biogeochemical processes in deep-sea sediments

• The climatic imprint on marine sediments

• Paleoceanography and sea-level changes

Course Learning Outcomes

1. Students will be able to describe the general composition and structure of Earth and associate the theory of plate tectonics with the development of continents and oceans.

2. Students will be able to classify and describe groups of minerals and rocks and associate them with distinct geologic processes.

3. Students will be able to describe the origin, nature, and distribution of marine sediments.

4. Students will be able to identify and describe various biogeochemical processes that operate in the ocean basins.

5. Students will be able to analyze and interpret geological data to identify the major palaeoceanographic and climate changes that Earth has experienced over time.

6. Students will be able to contextualize long-term controls of climate change with evidence for accelerated climate change associated with human activities.

7. Students will create a demonstration of understanding one major geologic topic.

Course Materials

1. The Sea Floor: An Introduction to Marine Geology (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment)

2. The Ocean Basins: Their structure and evolution, Open University Team,